Nazi conspiracy and aggression, Volume 02 (of 11) — A Closer Reading

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United States. Office of Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality Project Gutenberg 2017
Nuremberg Trial of Major German War Criminals, Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1946; War crime trials -- Germany -- Nuremberg; World War, 1939-1945 -- Germany; World War, 1939-1945 -- Atrocities; Germany -- Politics and government -- 1933-1945 Readers of public-domain and historical texts
Project Gutenberg digital edition en

Edition facts

Words: 359,294
Reading time: 1563 min
Text sections: 60
Volume 2 of the Nuremberg prosecution's documentary collection, focusing on the criminality of Nazi organizations and individual defendants, with excerpts detailing the Nacht und Nebel decree, forced labor quotas, and commando execution orders.
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This volume presents the prosecution's documentary case against Nazi organizations and individual defendants, compiled for the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. The excerpts reveal a prosecutorial strategy that relies heavily on official orders, decrees, and internal communications to establish institutional responsibility. Rather than narrative argument, the text is a mosaic of numbered exhibits—such as L-90, 833-PS, and 498-PS—each tied to specific allegations like the Nacht und Nebel decree, forced labor quotas, and the execution of commandos. The catalog subjects list war crimes and Nazi politics, but the actual content is a legal brief in documentary form, not a historical account.

Documentary Evidence as Legal Argument

The volume's structure mirrors a legal brief: each section opens with a legal principle, then arrays documents as proof. For example, the section on the criminality of groups begins with a legal analysis of conspiracy, then catalogs evidence against the Nazi Party Leadership Corps, the Reich Cabinet, the SA, SS, Gestapo, and the military high command. The excerpts show how the prosecution used orders like Keitel's Nacht und Nebel decree (L-90) to argue that organizations systematically terrorized occupied populations. The text does not narrate events; it presents documents as self-evident proof, with minimal commentary. This approach means the reader must evaluate the documents' context and weight, much as a tribunal would.

The Mechanics of Atrocity: Orders and Quotas

The excerpts detail specific mechanisms of Nazi policy. Keitel's 12 December 1941 communication states that 'efficient and enduring terrorization can be achieved only either by capital punishment or by measures to keep the relatives... in the dark.' This is followed by Canaris's implementation instructions and a report that a Frenchman's family was not notified of his death to 'create anxiety.' Similarly, forced labor is tracked through quotas: a 4 January 1944 conference with Hitler set a target of 4,000,000 new workers. The volume connects these orders to individual defendants—Keitel initialled the 'Atlantic Wall' labor order (556-2-PS) and Sauckel's appointment decree (1666-PS). The evidence is concrete, but the excerpts do not reveal the full chain of command or the actual number of victims.

Individual Responsibility Through Paper Trails

The second half of the volume assigns individual responsibility by linking each defendant to specific documents. For example, Keitel is tied to the commando order (498-PS) and the forced labor program via meetings and decrees. The excerpts show that Jodl and Warlimont were designated as representatives to Rosenberg's Eastern Territories administration (865-PS), implicating them in crimes there. The text does not provide biographies or motives; it builds cases from signatures, initials, and attendance at meetings. This method is effective for legal proof but leaves gaps: the excerpts do not show how defendants responded to these documents or whether they objected. The reader must infer the strength of each link from the documentary record alone.

Readers should approach this volume as a primary source for understanding how the Nuremberg prosecution constructed its case. The documents are not neutral records but selected exhibits intended to prove conspiracy and criminality. To assess their full significance, one would need to consult the defense's counter-evidence and the tribunal's judgments. The volume is best used alongside other trial records, not as a standalone history of Nazi crimes.

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